Stripline

Stripline is considered as extended version of microstrip line. As shown in fig , it looks like a sandwidth structure. Here ground planes exist on both the sides of the substrate while metal strip of design lies at the middle.
Stripline provides homogeneous medium for EM waves compare to uncovered microstrip line structure. Fig  depicts the field configurations in the stripline configuration. As shown field configurations will remain within the stripline and not exposed outside. Hence TEM mode can be obtained in this type of configuation.
Advantages of Stripline

• Good EM shielding can be achieved with this structure
  •  Low attenuation loss
  •  Wider bandwidth
  •  Better isolation

Disadvantages of Stripline

• Complex and expensive in fabricating it.
  •  Stripline Trace width is smaller compare to microstrip line of same impedance and height.
  •  Tuning or troubleshooting is complex.

Microstrip

Microstrip is most popular structure used for RF design and product development due to easy in fabrication and complete exposure for troubleshooting. High dielectric substrate will have very less RF circuit size which helps concentrate energy between trace and ground

Advantages of microstrip line

• Smaller size
  •  Easy to fabricate
  •  Easy to troubleshoot

Disadvantages of microstrip line

• Unwanted radiation in uncovered microstrip based configuration
  •  Higher loss
  •  Poor isolation among adjacent lines

  MICROWAVE TUBES

  
  
  • Used for high power/high frequency combination.
  • Tubes generate and amplify high levels of microwave power more cheaply than solid state devices.
  • Conventional tubes can be modified for low capacitance but specialized microwave tubes are also used.
  
  

  CROSSED-FIELD AND LINEAR-BEAM TUBES

  • Klystrons and Traveling-Wave tubes are examples of linear-beam tubes
    • These have a focused electron beam (as in a CRT)
  • Magnetron is one of a number of crossed-field tubes
    • Magnetic and electric fields are at right angles
  
  

  KLYSTRON

  REFLEX KLYSTRON

  TRAVELING-WAVE TUBE (TWT)

  MAGNETRON

  MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE DEVICES (SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE)

   

  
  
  
  • Quantum Mechanic Tunneling – Tunnel diode
  • Transferred Electron Devices – Gunn, LSA, InP and CdTe
  • Avalanche Transit Time – IMPATT, Read, Baritt & TRAPATT
  • Parametric Devices – Varactor diode
  • Step Recovery Diode – PIN,
  • Schottky Barrier Diode.